Europe's choice
Europe has the potential to be a leader in the research, development and production of new medicines.
Europe has a choice to make
Europe has the potential to be a leader in the research, development and production of new medicines. Geopolitical shifts are reshaping the global life science landscape. However, by building on its strengths and taking decisive policy action, Europe can be competitive in the global race for pharmaceutical investment.
The benefits of a competitive biopharmaceutical sector
A more competitive biopharmaceutical sector would generate clear, tangible benefits for Europe and Europeans:
Faster patient access to medicines.
Improved patient and population health.
Less pressure on health systems, hospitals and staff.
More cutting edge research and development happening in Europe.
Expanded manufacturing capacity.
Economic growth in a strategic sector.
High-quality jobs and skills.
Greater supply resilience against global shocks.
The numbers speak for themselves:
Europe continues to perform well in scientific publications. However, US attracts more than double the R&D investment. Europe’s challenge is to translate academic excellence into products and services that can drive better health and economic growth.
A new reality calls for new thinking
Europe’s health systems are under increasing strain from an ageing population and rising burden of chronic disease, all at a time when defence and security are placing additional pressure on national finances.
Coping with these pressures mean national health systems are often forced into focusing only on short-term cost containment, missing opportunities for better prevention and care, greater efficiency, and long-term savings across the system by investing in innovation that can dramatically improve the long-term sustainability of our healthcare.
It is time to rethink how we value innovation in Europe, from a cost to the system to an investment in a healthier future for Europe.
Europe’s policy makers have a choice: continue as before, caring for more and more people but with stagnant or even reduced budgets, or rethink how healthcare is organised and budgets are allocated. That means looking more strategically at the investments that will deliver better health for patients, strengthen healthcare sustainability, and generate economic growth and security for the long-term.
Example: Hepatitis C
New medicines for Hepatitis C can cure more than 98% of patients. Each year, across the EU, they prevent around 19,000 people from developing serious liver disease and save approximately 850 lives. These treatments also generate major savings: they can reduce other healthcare costs by about €11,000 per patient compared to those who go untreated.
Example: HPV vaccination
HPV vaccination can prevent more than 27,000 cervical cancer cases a year, saving 430,000 hours of nursing time.
The challenge: governments have to invest in new treatments upfront, in year one, and solely from the health budget while the benefits and savings are spread out over the lifetime of a patient and across different parts of the healthcare system and wider society.
On a per-capita basis, high-income European countries spend roughly half of what the United States spends on innovative medicines.
These differences are driven by how governments value and reimburse innovation. Investing in the true value of medicines means reforming how we reward them: expanding HTA to capture wider societal benefits, speed up pricing and reimbursement procedures, increasing investment in innovative medicines and eliminating clawbacks.
What are clawbacks?
Clawback schemes vary across countries but generally require pharmaceutical companies to pay rebates or return a portion of their revenue if their annual sales exceed a threshold. These policies operate like a tax, with no guarantee that savings delivered on existing or older medicines are reinvested in newer ones.
Industry contributions as a proportion of public pharmaceutical expenditure have doubled between 2018 and 2023, rising from 12% to 24%. This means that the industry has entirely paid back the increase of spending linked to the entry of its own new medicines on EU markets.
The stakes for the future
The stakes could not be higher:
- Globally, R&D spending has increased by almost 60% in the 10 years from 2012 to 2022.
- In 2024, the industry invested €55bn in European research and development.
- 44% of this was spent on clinical trials.
- The industry supports 2.6 million jobs across the region.
- The proportion of innovative medicines fully available on public reimbursement lists in Europe has decreased from 42% in 2019 to just 29% in 2024
Europe’s choice is whether to invest in innovation, creating the right environment for medicine development and production or stand on the sidelines and see other regions benefit.
Europe has a strong base on which to build the future. It is home to world-class universities and research institutions that drive scientific progress, and it guarantees universal health coverage for its citizens.
These assets give Europe the opportunity to build a globally competitive life sciences ecosystem, but only if the right choices are made now.